RESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is well known that the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease is increasing in pregnant women. Dental care is mostly sufficient to prevent oral diseases and perform timely interventions. However, few pregnant women go to the dental office during this period due to a lack of knowledge. The perceptions, knowledge, and oral health practices of pregnant women have been scarcely explored and should be taken into account to propose positive interventions in this population. OBJECTIVES: To identify and explore the perceptions, knowledge, and practices of oral health in a group of pregnant women in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four semistructured interviews were conducted in different areas of Colombia. The interviews were conducted via telephone, and the calls were recorded with the consent of the participants. The recordings were transcribed in Word® and checked for typing and transcription errors. The transcripts were analyzed using a hybrid approach combining inductive and deductive coding. The information was organized and encoded using NVivo12 ®software. We followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. RESULTS: Pregnant women reported having good oral health. One barrier mentioned for occupation (Job) was pregnancy. The appearance of the oral cavity has not negatively affected the relationships of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: The pregnant women had good oral hygiene habits but did not receive dental check-ups. Knowledge in this group was limited and diverse. The information given by health professionals should be standardized, and some beliefs should be demystified. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In general, few pregnant women were aware of bleeding gums during pregnancy. Empower pregnant women to take care of themselves through regular dental check-ups with the aim of preventing and treating oral diseases. Oral hygiene education and healthy nutritional habits should be intensified during this stage. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The participation in the study included a semistructured interview by telephone with the prior consent of the pregnant woman authorizing her involvement and the recording of the interview.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária, Gestantes, Humanos, Feminino, Gravidez, Saúde Bucal/educação, Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia, Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle, Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde, Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore women's oral health experiences and barriers to dental care and identify potential strategies to improve oral health during pregnancy. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study design was used. Purposively elected antepartum and postpartum women ≥18 years of age from Tasmania, Australia, were recruited using maximum variation sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and all qualitative data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. RESULTS: Fifteen women were interviewed with a mean ± SD age of 32.3 ± 4.5 years. Three key themes were generated from the data that described women's perceived changes in their oral health during pregnancy; barriers to oral health care during and after pregnancy; and perceived strategies to improve access to care. Most women acknowledged the importance of maintaining good oral health but reported a decline in their oral health status during pregnancy. Women also identified several barriers to dental care, including treatment costs, competing maternal priorities, limited oral health knowledge and negative perceptions towards dentistry. The provision of preventative oral health care by ANC providers was also limited. Community awareness, patient education resources and assessment tools could support the promotion of oral health care. Women also perceived that interprofessional collaboration between antenatal and dental providers played a key role in promoting oral health. CONCLUSION: This study explored women's varied oral health experiences and perceptions during pregnancy and highlighted critical barriers and enablers to dental care. Policy-level strategies that promote interprofessional collaboration between antenatal and dental providers and expand dental care access are suggested to overcome barriers to oral health for women during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Custos de Cuidados de Saúde, Saúde Bucal, Feminino, Gravidez, Humanos, Adulto, Saúde Bucal/educação, Tasmânia, Pesquisa Qualitativa, AustráliaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although health literacy (HL) skills may change over time, most research treats HL as a constant, using baseline HL to predict other health-related constructs. Few studies have explored change in HL over time. OBJECTIVE: We examined person-level differences in HL trajectories. We identified subgroups (latent classes) based on longitudinal assessments of HL and examined the association of class membership with demographic and oral health variables. METHODS: We used four measurement waves of parental HL data, reflecting the risk of limited HL, collected as part of an intervention to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 579 parent-child dyads at baseline). Repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) models were estimated to identify subgroups of HL trajectories over time. We examined class membership in association with baseline demographics and with 36-month assessments of parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors as well as pediatric oral health. KEY RESULTS: A four-class model best fit the data. The largest class (high HL; 49.7% of the sample) was characterized by high levels of HL at all waves. A second class (improving HL; 17.7%) improved over all waves. The remaining two classes were characterized as moderate HL (20%) and low HL (12.6%) and maintained relatively stable HL levels over time. Higher educational attainment was associated with membership in the high HL and improving HL classes. Older age among this young-adult sample and higher income also were associated with high HL class membership. Parents in the high HL and improving HL classes exhibited more favorable performance on measures of oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behavioral adherence than did those in the other classes. Class membership was not associated with pediatric oral health. CONCLUSIONS: RMLCA demonstrated person-level variability in HL trajectories. Longitudinal patterns were associated with baseline demographics and prospectively with parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors, but not with pediatric oral health. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(2):e89-e98.].
Assuntos
Letramento em Saúde, Adulto, Humanos, Criança, Saúde Bucal/educação, Pais/educação, Saúde da Criança, Indígena Americano ou Nativo do AlascaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Value-based oral healthcare (VBOHC) has two fundamental components, the assessment of patients' dental outcomes and the measurement of the costs to achieve those outcomes. The aim of this article is to describe challenges and opportunities of implementing dental patient-reported outcomes (dPROs) in clinical care at the University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, in Austria, to determine lessons learned and describe next steps forward to VBOHC implementation. METHODS: A case study determining lessons learned based on an implementation process to incorporate a dental patient-reported outcome measure (dPROM) in routine clinical care was conducted. The German version of the five items Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-5), a dPROM was selected and integrated into the general anamnesis including dental and medical history for patients aged ≥16 years. The anamnesis is paper based and is to be completed by each new patient during the registration process. Thereafter, it is uploaded to the patients' dental record via scan by the main central admission. However, it is then the treating dentist's task to transfer the data into the digital system. Data accuracy between digital and paper forms was investigated, and lessons learned regarding the first steps of implementing VBOHC were summarized based on the implementation process findings. RESULTS: To date, 8,147 patients were approached to fill in OHIP-5. However, only 266 patients´ OHIP- 5 files were transferred into the digital system by the dentist. To explore the accuracy between the manual transfer of data from paper forms to digital format, the data of 89 randomly selected patients was compared. Of this sample, 74 (83.1%) patient's data sets were found to be identical. Lessons learned included the importance of institutional dedication, stakeholders' engagement, dPROMs integration in follow up visits, the significance of digital solutions, and the continuous monitoring and evaluation. CONCLUSION: Integrating dPROMs in clinical settings is achievable and is the first important step to move forward with VBOHC implementation.
Assuntos
Saúde Bucal, Faculdades de Medicina, Cuidados de Saúde Baseados em Valores, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educação, Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente, Áustria, Faculdades de Medicina/organização & administração, Cuidados de Saúde Baseados em Valores/organização & administração, Estudos de Casos OrganizacionaisRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between tooth loss, and oral health literacy, the use of multiple psychoactive substances, and the reason for the last dental appointment in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 746 adolescents aged 15-19 years in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. The adolescents answered the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), the alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test, and an oral health questionnaire from the National Oral Health Survey. The adolescents were then examined by two examiners who had undergone training and calibration exercises for the diagnosis of tooth loss due to caries (K > 0.80). Associations between variables were investigated using robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of tooth loss was 17.4%. Oral health literacy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89-0.97) was inversely associated with tooth loss, while multiple psychoactive substance use (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09-3.69) and last dental visit for treatment/symptoms (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.73-5.36) were directly associated with tooth loss. Oral health literacy, multiple psychoactive substance use, and reason for last dental appointment exerted an influence on tooth loss among adolescents.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária, Letramento em Saúde, Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias, Perda de Dente, Adulto, Humanos, Adolescente, Saúde Bucal/educação, Estudos Transversais, Perda de Dente/epidemiologia, Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia, Brasil/epidemiologia, Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações, Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a lifelong condition affecting communication and social interaction, characterised by repetitive or repeated patterns of behaviour. People with ASD experience poor systemic and oral health. They face reduced access to dental care related to provider barriers associated with lack of understanding of ASD, lack of training and a consequent reluctance to treat people with ASD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effectiveness of training given by a person with autism to student dental care professionals was evaluated by measuring change in 62 students' openness to autism scale scores and confidence treating a person with autism. These students included third year dental students and second year dental nursing and hygiene students. This cohort was recruited as part of their curriculum and opted in for inclusion in the study. Data were analysed using SPSS®. RESULTS: An increase in openness scale scores of 7.6% (p < .05) and in confidence of 4.9% (p < .05) between pre- and post-training was observed. Openness scale score predicted level of confidence at baseline (OR = 0.21 (95% CI = 0.02-0.39)). CONCLUSION: An educational intervention delivered by a person with autism promoted modest increases in openness towards autism and confidence amongst dental care pre-service professionals. Whilst the results suggest that peer-led dental care professional teaching by people with autism may be beneficial, more research is needed.
Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico, Humanos, Transtorno Autístico/terapia, Educação em Odontologia, Estudantes, Saúde Bucal/educação, Assistência OdontológicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of an Oral Health Promoting School (OHPS) model on children's oral health in Iran. METHODS: This interventional quasi-experimental study was conducted in the academic year 2019-20 among 354 primary school students and their parents. A questionnaire including 17 questions was distributed among children before and 5 months after the program (The ranges of possible scores = 0-17). Training workshops for the parents based on the theoretical domains framework were designed. Using educational sessions, pamphlets, tooth brushing dairies, assignments to do at home, educational videos and messages as reminders in social networks, parents were educated about dental caries, its risk factors and prevention principles. Best recommended oral health behaviors including tooth brushing and the use of fluoridated tooth paste were also educated. A questionnaire consisting of 18 knowledge (The ranges of possible scores = 0-18), 13 attitude and 10 practice questions were distributed among parents before and after the workshops. The data were fed into SPSS and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics such as T-test, ANOVA and Correlation Coefficients (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The mean pre-test knowledge (7.8 ± 1.7) was increased significantly in three schools after program, p < 0.001. In the post-test, girls gained significantly higher scores (9.61 ± 1.98 vs. 9.06 ± 1.4, p = 0.025). Among 147 parents, the mean knowledge was raised from 12.3 ± 3.1 (5-18) to 15 ± 3.03 (6-18), p < 0.001. Knowledge score of the parents attending both sessions was higher. Practice of the parents regarding the use of fluoridated tooth-paste was significantly improved (p < 0.001). Also, their attitude toward the ability of children to take care of their teeth was improved (p = 0.029). Based on the self-report of parents, 71.4% (n = 47) of mothers and 45.6% (n = 67) of their children used to brush once or two times daily and there was a correlation between their behaviors (p < 0.001, Spearman Correlation Coefficient = 0.4). CONCLUSION: It seems that the education provided in OHPS had positive effects on increasing students' awareness and to some extent, the knowledge, attitude and practice of the parents.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária, Saúde Bucal, Criança, Feminino, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educação, Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle, Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde, Pais, Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of training the early year's workforce on their knowledge, skills and/or behaviours in delivering oral health advice. METHODS: Four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus were searched to evaluate the effectiveness of oral health training on knowledge, skills and behaviour of the early year's workforce with a minimum of one-month follow-up. Randomised or quasi-randomised trials and before and after studies were included. RESULTS: All six included studies showed improved knowledge and one of the five studies showed significant changes in behaviours of participants post oral health training. None of the included studies addressed changes in skills as an outcome. CONCLUSION: This systematic review found evidence that oral health training of the early year's workforce is effective in improving their knowledge but not necessarily their behaviours delivering oral health advice. Although training of the wider workforce on oral health is recommended, high quality research is required with longitudinal follow-up to assess changes in behaviours and ultimately impacts on oral health.
Assuntos
Saúde Bucal, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educação, Recursos Humanos, Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde, Competência ClínicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral health is an important component of medical education given its connection to overall health and quality of life; however, oral health is infrequently incorporated into medical school curricula in the United States. The aim of this study was to pilot a novel oral health care clerkship for United States medical students that implemented the Smiles for Life (SFL) curriculum, in-person clinical activities, and pre and post curricula assessments to assess knowledge acquisition, attitude change, and clinical skill development. METHODS: Third year medical students at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, volunteered (n = 37) for a clerkship in oral health. Students completed the Smiles For Life National Oral Health Curriculum and participated in three half-day clinical sessions in a hospital-based dental clinic. The participants were evaluated on knowledge acquisition, attitude change, and clinical skill development through a pre and post clerkship assessment in order to assess the efficacy of the intervention. RESULTS: There was a 23.4% increase in oral health knowledge (p < 0.001) following participation in the online modules and clerkship. Additionally, attitudes in the following domains showed improved familiarity and proficiency: causes and prevention of dental caries (78.4%, p < 0.001) and periodontal disease (83.8%, p < 0.001), provision of oral health information to patients (67.6%, p < 0.001), and ability to conduct an oral examination (62.2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Third year medical students who participated in a novel oral health clerkship demonstrated significant increases in basic oral health knowledge and reported increased comfort in providing oral examinations and anticipatory guidance to patients. The results support the feasibility of this approach to incorporating oral health education into a medical school curriculum in the United States.
Assuntos
Estágio Clínico, Cárie Dentária, Educação de Graduação em Medicina, Saúde Bucal, Estudantes de Medicina, Estágio Clínico/métodos, Currículo, Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos, Educação em Saúde, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educação, Projetos Piloto, Qualidade de Vida, Faculdades de Medicina, Estados UnidosRESUMO
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of peer-led preventive oral health education for elementary school-aged children. Methods: A controlled, non-randomized interventional study included children in grades 4 to 6 (N = 372) from 6 schools in British Columbia, Canada. The control group (3 schools) received a class-based lecture on oral health. In the intervention group (3 schools), each sixth grader mentored a small group of fourth and fifth graders. The study outcomes were 1) need for oral care referrals (visual screening); 2) oral health knowledge (self-reports); 3) oral self-care practice (OSC-P); and 4) oral self-care skills (OSC-S). Assessments of OSC-P and OSC-S were based on disclosed dental biofilm levels. Study group comparisons were done at baseline and 8 to 12 months. Results: A high need for oral care referrals was found, with a substantial reduction achieved during the study period. Dietary knowledge improved minimally in the intervention group. In both study groups and within age groups, there was a wide variation in OSC-P and OSC-S. Overall, children's OSC-P scores were substantially higher than their OSC-S scores. Oral self-care outcomes improved over time in both groups (except for fourth graders in the control group), with a more substantial improvement in the intervention group. From baseline to study end, the mean OSC-P improved by 11.9% (intervention group) and 5.9% (control group). Improvement values for OSC-S were 12.8% and 5.2%. Conclusions: The need for oral care referrals was reduced, but improvement in oral health knowledge was minimal. Oral self-care outcomes improved more in the intervention than in the control group.
Objectif: Examiner l'efficacité de l'éducation préventive sur la santé buccodentaire menée par les pairs pour les enfants en âge de fréquenter l'école primaire. Méthodologie: Un groupe d'intervention, contrôlé et non randomisé comprenait des enfants de la 4e à la 6e année (N = 372) de 6 écoles en Colombie-Britannique, au Canada. Le groupe témoin (3 écoles) a reçu une leçon en classe sur la santé buccodentaire. Dans le groupe d'intervention (3 écoles), chaque élève de la sixième année a encadré un petit groupe d'élèves de la quatrième et de la cinquième année. L'étude a produit les résultats suivants : 1) besoin d'aiguillage vers des soins buccodentaires (dépistage visuel); 2) connaissances en matière de santé buccodentaire (auto-évaluations); 3) pratique en matière de soins buccodentaires personnels (P-SBP); et 4) compétences en matière de soins buccodentaires personnels (C-SBP). Les évaluations de la P-SBP et des C-SBP étaient fondées sur la divulgation des niveaux de biofilms dentaires. Les comparaisons des groupes d'études étaient effectuées au début de l'étude et après 8 à 12 mois. Résultats: Un besoin important d'aiguillages vers des soins buccodentaires a été constaté, accompagné d'une réduction substantielle réalisée au cours de la période d'étude. Les connaissances nutritionnelles se sont peu améliorées dans le groupe d'intervention. Il y avait une importante disparité entre la P-SBP et les C-SBP dans les 2 groupes d'étude et au sein des groupes d'âge. Dans l'ensemble, les cotes de la P-SBP des enfants étaient nettement plus élevées que leurs cotes de C-SBP. Les résultats en matière de soins buccodentaires personnels se sont améliorés au fil du temps dans les 2 groupes (à l'exception des élèves de quatrième année du groupe témoin). L'amélioration était la plus importante dans le groupe d'intervention. Entre le début et la fin de l'étude, l'amélioration moyenne de la P-SBP était de 11,9 % (groupe d'intervention) et de 5,9 % (groupe témoin). Les valeurs d'amélioration des C-SBP étaient de 12,8 % et de 5,2 %. Conclusions: Les aiguillages vers des soins buccodentaires étaient moins nécessaires, alors que l'amélioration des connaissances en matière de santé buccodentaire était minime. L'amélioration des résultats des soins buccodentaires était plus importante dans le groupe d'intervention que dans le groupe témoin.
Assuntos
Educação em Saúde Bucal, Instituições Acadêmicas, Colúmbia Britânica, Criança, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educação, Grupo AssociadoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dental caries affects the majority of children in Jordan, with some evidence of its prevalence steadily increasing. Previous studies have shown that families struggle to establish good oral health practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current oral health status and practices of 6- to7-year-old children in Amman, Jordan.r METHODS: A cross-sectional cohort study. The sample consisted of 6- to 7-year-old children attending six randomly selected schools in Amman, Jordan. Measures collected were: I) Caries experience (d3mft/D3MFT), II) Oral hygiene, measured using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, III) Dietary, toothbrushing, and dental attendance practices, measured using diaries and parental questionnaires, IV) Participants' basic characteristics: age, education and employment. Data were analysed using SPSS20. RESULTS: In total, 942 children were recruited. Four hundred and fifty-seven were boys, 485 were girls. Their average age was 6.5 years. Eighty-nine percent had decay in their primary teeth. Mean d3mft was 5.1(1 (range = 0-12, SD = 2.9). Only 8% of carious teeth were restored. Mean DMFT score was 0.3 (range = 0-4, SD = 0.8). Mean debris score was 1.07 (range = 0-3, SD = 0.37). Children indicated that they brush their teeth 1.6 times a day (range = 0-3, SD = 0.6). The majority (81%) were unsupervised. Sixty-seven percent of parents did not know the appropriate fluoride toothpaste concentration. Children were having 1.5 sugary snacks in-between their meals (Range = 1-6, SD = 1.1). They scored a mean of 2.5 (Range = 0-5.87, SD = 1.7) in sweetened drinks intake (recommended ≤ 1) and 2.8 (Range = 0-18.57, SD = 1.5) in non-core food intake (recommended ≤ 2) on a dietary questionnaire. Most parents (84%) indicated that their child attends the dentist only when in pain, and 18% indicated that their child is extremely afraid of dentists. Only 32% and 18% were familiar with fluoride varnish and fissure sealants, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that debris score and dental attendance were reliable predictors of caries experience. CONCLUSIONS: Six- to seven-year-old children in Amman, Jordan have a high caries experience. Most show signs of poor oral hygiene, excessive intake of cariogenic foods, and symptomatic dental attendance. Their parents lack knowledge on fluoride varnish and fissure sealants. There is a need for oral health promotion tailored to this cohort's need.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária, Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde, Higiene Bucal, Criança, Estudos Transversais, Índice CPO, Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia, Feminino, Fluoretos Tópicos, Humanos, Jordânia/epidemiologia, Masculino, Saúde Bucal/educação, Higiene Bucal/psicologia, Higiene Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos, Selantes de Fossas e FissurasRESUMO
PURPOSE: Integration of smartphones has overcome barriers in traditional education; this trial aimed at exploring this ubiquitous platform in oral health education. A smartphone application promoting preschooler's oral health was designed and its effectiveness was compared with that of common oral health education delivered in paediatric dental settings. METHODS: This controlled clinical trial was performed on preschooler-mother dyads referring to the clinic of Tehran School of Dentistry in 2019-2020. Initially, the dyads were randomly partitioned to application intervention or common training groups. The mothers answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire on paediatric dentistry knowledge, attitude and practice regarding children's oral health; modified plaque index (m-PI) and modified gingival index (m-GI) of children were measured. Subsequently, the smartphone application was installed for application intervention group and an educational pamphlet and verbal explanations were given to common training group. In 1-month and 3-month follow-ups, the questionnaires and clinical measurement were re-done. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to investigate the effect of training methods. RESULTS: Among the participants 51 dyad attended baseline and follow-up assessments. The preschoolers mean age was 4.6 ± 1.2 years and 54.4% were girls. Both trainings improved mothers' knowledge and practice regarding children's oral health and reduced children's m-PI and m-GI (p < 0.050). The 3-month follow-up revealed a better m-GI in application intervention group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the greater improvement of paediatric gingival status in the application intervention group, it appears that smartphone applications may provide a promising tool for more prolonged impacts in children oral health care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT, IRCT20131102015238N3. Registered 28 July 2019 https://en.irct.ir/trial/40933.
Assuntos
Mães, Saúde Bucal, Criança, Pré-Escolar, Feminino, Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde, Humanos, Irã (Geográfico), Masculino, Mães/educação, Saúde Bucal/educação, SmartphoneRESUMO
Oral health is essential to human health. Conditions associated with poor oral health involve all organ systems and many major disease categories including infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic pain, cancer, and mental health. Outcomes are also associated with health equity. Medical education organizations including the Association of American Medical Colleges and National Academy of Medicine recommend that oral health be part of medical education. However, oral health is not traditionally included in many medical school, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner curricula. Several challenges explain this exclusion including lack of time, expertise, and prioritization; we therefore provide suggestions for integrating oral health education into the health professions school curriculum. These recommendations offer guidance for enhancing the oral health curriculum across institutions. We include key organizational and foundational steps, strategies to link oral health with existing content, and approaches to achieve curricular sustainability.
Assuntos
Educação Médica, Saúde Bucal, Currículo, Ocupações em Saúde, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educação, Faculdades de MedicinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The NIH Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges report is the most recent evidence-based review of the status of oral health in North America since Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General, which was published in 2000. This article aims to synthesize and discuss information from the report pertinent to improving dental education to positively impact oral health. Calls for action and suggestions for implementation are presented. METHODS: The authors reviewed each section from the report and identified key messages relevant to dental education. These were then combined into a framework based on the NIH report's three main "call to action" items. A matrix for calls to action and implementation recommendations was developed using the findings from the 2021 NIH report and a previous 2018 report on Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century. CONCLUSION: The information discussed in the report related to dental education has the potential to improve oral health, and educators, schools, professional organizations, state, and federal agencies are called to develop and/or implement action plans focused on curriculum, competencies, workshops, guidelines, and policies based on the summary framework presented in this study.
Assuntos
Currículo, Saúde Bucal, Competência Clínica, Educação em Odontologia, Humanos, América do Norte, Saúde Bucal/educaçãoRESUMO
AIM: To assess the effectiveness of oral health education on oral health-related knowledge and attitudes of caregivers of children with hearing impairment and its impact on the oral health status of their children. MATERIALS: Study design: Non randomised pre- and post-comparison study. Fifty-six pairs of caregiver-child with sensory impairment were chosen and divided into study and control groups. Health education was provided to the caregivers of the study group for 1, 3, 6 and 12-month period and periodic assessment of their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) was performed. The caregivers of the control group did not receive any oral health education during the study period. The oral health status of these children was evaluated using the WHO assessment form (2013) and modified OHI-S (oral hygiene index- simplified) at baseline, 6 month and 12-month period. The effectiveness of KAP of caregivers and the oral health status of their children was correlated at the end of the study. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The mean KAP scores between caregivers' of study and control group at different time intervals was compared using repeated measures of ANOVA test. Chi square test was used to compare the presence of bleeding gums and Mann Whitney U Test was used to compare the mean DMFT, deft and OHIs scores at different time intervals between study and control groups. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the relationship between KAP scores and clinical parameters at different time intervals in study and control group of both the populations. CONCLUSION: The oral health education given to the caregivers has shown a positive impact on the oral health status of their children. Periodic reinforcement of the oral health-related measures among caregivers of children with hearing impairment is recommended.
Assuntos
Cuidadores, Perda Auditiva, Educação em Saúde, Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educaçãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) are a significant workforce in primary care and are uniquely positioned to improve oral health in children through ongoing surveillance in the well-child visit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PNP student satisfaction and knowledge gained with the integration of the Strategic Partnership for Interprofessional Collaborative Education in Pediatric Dentistry (SPICE-PD) oral health education program into the first-year primary care curriculum. A descriptive, comparative design examined dental test scores across the pre-SPICE-PD (2013-2014; n = 26) and post-SPICE-PD (2015-2020; n = 55) cohorts. An electronic survey was completed (n = 47; 67%), and focus group (n = 12) audio-recordings were analyzed using Atlas.ti 8.0. Chi-square test and independent samples t-test were used to assess differences between groups. The SPICE-PD students reported improved knowledge and skill in clinical practice. Focus group themes were oral health education was beneficial, impact of coronavirus disease 2019, and suggestions for improvement. Mean dental test scores improved pre- and post-SPICE-PD (83 vs. 93; p < .001). The SPICE-PD oral health education improved knowledge and was highly satisfying for students. Pediatric nurse practitioners are ideally positioned to integrate oral health into primary care services, thereby improving access to care and ultimately reducing or mitigating early childhood caries. Evaluation of PNP postgraduation practices in the primary care setting is needed to assess whether improved knowledge results in practice change.
Assuntos
COVID-19, Saúde Bucal, Criança, Pré-Escolar, Currículo, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educação, Profissionais de Enfermagem Pediátrica, Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
A.T. Still University and HealthPoint, a federally qualified health center, worked together to develop novel interprofessional educational clinical experiences for dental and medical students. This short report is focused on evaluating outcomes related to student and patient experiences. Dental and medical faculty designed the program to be as hands on as possible while minimizing disruption to clinic flow. Second-year medical and fourth-year dental students worked together to assess the physical and oral health of the patients. One hundred forty-eight students participated. Of 429 total patients assessed, 83 were referred from the medical clinic to the dental clinic. Caries was present in 24.9% of patients. Overwhelmingly, the patients enjoyed having teams of students care for them. These types of clinical interprofessional experiences give students valuable opportunities to learn with, from, and about each other while providing hands-on care to patients.
Assuntos
Relações Interprofissionais, Estudantes de Medicina, Currículo, Educação em Odontologia, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educaçãoRESUMO
Research on peer-led interprofessional learning in oral-health training for pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) students is sparse. Therefore, we conducted a mixed-methods pilot study to assess the feasibility and impact of a student-led interprofessional training program centered on pediatric oral-health with PNP and dental students. Eleven PNP students rotated through the dental clinic to receive an oral-health education from 12 second-year dental students. These students learned how to treat avulsed teeth, apply fluoride varnishes, detect caries, and to do lap-to-lap baby dental exams. A reflection and a self-report survey-measure were used to elucidate what the students gained from the experience, their satisfaction with the training, how it may be improved, and how they see future collaboration of PNPs and dentists. PNP students felt dental students were well equipped to teach them, felt confident in their ability to conduct an oral evaluation/apply fluoride varnishes, and felt the experience to be valuable to their future practices. Dental students learned the scope of practice of PNPs and ideated ways the two professions overlap and complement each other. While some may find it challenging to envision dentistry regularly collaborating with other healthcare providers, clinical interprofessional education can be one way to break down these barriers.
Assuntos
Educação em Odontologia, Saúde Bucal, Criança, Educação em Odontologia/métodos, Fluoretos Tópicos, Humanos, Relações Interprofissionais, Saúde Bucal/educação, Projetos PilotoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Relationships amongst attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), family factors, and oral health literacy (OHL) in adolescents are unclear. The objective of this research was to investigate whether family environment and signs of ADHD are associated with OHL at the onset of adolescence. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 448 twelve-year-old adolescents enrolled in schools in Cajazeiras, Brazil. Adolescents responded to an instrument measuring OHL (Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry [BREALD-30]) and a validated questionnaire addressing family cohesion and adaptability (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales [FACES III]). Parents and teachers answered subscales of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP-IV) and a socioeconomic questionnaire. Adjusted Poisson regression analysis was employed for the data analysis (P < .05). RESULTS: Greater OHL was found in adolescents with higher family cohesion scores (rate ratio [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.03), those whose mothers had more than 8 years of schooling (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.12), and those whose families earned more than the Brazilian minimum salary (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.12). Higher family adaptability scores (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99) and more signs of ADHD (teachers' reports) (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99) were associated with lower OHL. CONCLUSIONS: OHL in adolescents was influenced by family adaptability and cohesion, signs of ADHD, maternal schooling, and family income.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, Letramento em Saúde, Adolescente, Adulto, Brasil, Estudos Transversais, Humanos, Saúde Bucal/educaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Oral health is considered as one of the essential components of the overall health of every individual. Maintaining oral health is a gradual process that requires commitment. Children who require special care such as hearing impairment experience difficulty in maintaining oral health primarily due to communication difficulties. This study is aimed at using different interventions to evaluate the improvement of oral hygiene in hearing impaired children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine children were recruited in this study that were allocated randomly into each group with twenty children as follows: group 1: pictorial, group 2: video, and group 3: control. Mean plaque and gingival scores were noted before and after the use of different interventions. Oral hygiene was categorized as "excellent," "good," and "fair." Gingival health was categorized as "healthy," "mild gingivitis," and "moderate gingivitis." RESULTS: Thirty-four children (57.6%) were from 12-13 years of age bracket, and 25 (42.4%) belonged to 14-16 years of age. Regarding gender, there were 37 (62.7%) males and 22 (37.3%) females. About comparison of mean gingival and plaque scores before and after interventions in each group, a significant difference was found in group 1 (p < 0.001) and group 2 (p < 0.001), as compared to group 3 where the difference in scores was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Maintaining oral health requires the compliance of individuals to perform different methods of preventive dentistry, such as tooth brushing and use of dental floss. The use of different oral hygiene educational interventions such as pictorial and video methods have been proven and useful for hearing impaired children in improving oral health.
